R&D: The true metric behind investing in innovation

Many investors, especially "common" investors, overlook the most important "tell" about a company's future.

Cash is king
This "tell" is a significant increase in R&D (research and development). R&D tells a story that most financial statements cannot share. Sure, a lack of cash may signify some spending. But, an anomaly in two or more quarters may require more attention to be paid to the cash flow statement.

When looking at the cash flow statement look at what they are spending on and categorizing in the "investing" section. If they purchased a building that seems rather excessive in size, dig a little bit deeper.

Follow the Expenses
Whatever you do, do not forget to analyze 6-month (or two quarters) income statements. Here you may see major increases in "equipment" or "payroll" expenses. If the two correlate, don't be alarmed. It's probably just the company purchasing items for new staff. However, if they seem to be blown way out of proportion (exponentially increase)...dig way deeper. They could be hiring new product engineers or specialty types for a new product innovation push. Which brings us to the last point.

Investing in HR
Job boards. Career pages. If you have time, the hiring information are readily available on thousands of websites; look at the hiring of the company you wish to invest in. Two things could be the cause of hiring outside of their industry: 1) they are looking into developing new products 2) they have a lot more cash than usual. The latter reason won't show up in plain sight on financial statements (after they have hired new employees). Who a company is hiring is a major sign of what direction they are headed for the future. If a major company like HP starts posting jobs for "cellular engineers" or "wireless architects"...something is coming. 

Conclusion
Always stay aware of what's going on under the radar. If something odd is happening in a company for two consecutive quarters, always dig deeper for signs of internal innovation. R&D can be an investment in people (job boards/hiring push), extra cash (investing into producing for different market segments), or expenses (buying equipment so that new hires can produce new products for different market segments).